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-->Definition
SerialPort
Examples
The following code example demonstrates the use of the SerialPort class to allow two users to chat from two separate computers connected by a null modem cable. In this example, the users are prompted for the port settings and a username before chatting. Both computers must be executing the program to achieve full functionality of this example.
Remarks
Use this class to control a serial port file resource. This class provides synchronous and event-driven I/O, access to pin and break states, and access to serial driver properties. Additionally, the functionality of this class can be wrapped in an internal Stream object, accessible through the BaseStream property, and passed to classes that wrap or use streams.
The SerialPort class supports the following encodings: ASCIIEncoding, UTF8Encoding, UnicodeEncoding, UTF32Encoding, and any encoding defined in mscorlib.dll where the code page is less than 50000 or the code page is 54936. You can use alternate encodings, but you must use the ReadByte or Write method and perform the encoding yourself.
You use the GetPortNames method to retrieve the valid ports for the current computer.
If a SerialPort object becomes blocked during a read operation, do not abort the thread. Instead, either close the base stream or dispose of the SerialPort object.
Constructors
SerialPort() | Initializes a new instance of the SerialPort class. |
SerialPort(IContainer) | Initializes a new instance of the SerialPort class using the specified IContainer object. |
SerialPort(String) | Initializes a new instance of the SerialPort class using the specified port name. |
SerialPort(String, Int32) | Initializes a new instance of the SerialPort class using the specified port name and baud rate. |
SerialPort(String, Int32, Parity) | Initializes a new instance of the SerialPort class using the specified port name, baud rate, and parity bit. |
SerialPort(String, Int32, Parity, Int32) | Initializes a new instance of the SerialPort class using the specified port name, baud rate, parity bit, and data bits. |
SerialPort(String, Int32, Parity, Int32, StopBits) | Initializes a new instance of the SerialPort class using the specified port name, baud rate, parity bit, data bits, and stop bit. |
Fields
InfiniteTimeout | Indicates that no time-out should occur. |
Properties
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BaseStream | Gets the underlying Stream object for a SerialPort object. |
BaudRate | Gets or sets the serial baud rate. |
BreakState | Gets or sets the break signal state. |
BytesToRead | Gets the number of bytes of data in the receive buffer. |
BytesToWrite | Gets the number of bytes of data in the send buffer. |
CanRaiseEvents | Gets a value indicating whether the component can raise an event. (Inherited from Component) |
CDHolding | Gets the state of the Carrier Detect line for the port. |
Container | Gets the IContainer that contains the Component. (Inherited from Component) |
CtsHolding | Gets the state of the Clear-to-Send line. |
DataBits | Gets or sets the standard length of data bits per byte. |
DesignMode | Gets a value that indicates whether the Component is currently in design mode. (Inherited from Component) |
DiscardNull | Gets or sets a value indicating whether null bytes are ignored when transmitted between the port and the receive buffer. |
DsrHolding | Gets the state of the Data Set Ready (DSR) signal. |
DtrEnable | Gets or sets a value that enables the Data Terminal Ready (DTR) signal during serial communication. |
Encoding | Gets or sets the byte encoding for pre- and post-transmission conversion of text. |
Events | Gets the list of event handlers that are attached to this Component. (Inherited from Component) |
Handshake | Gets or sets the handshaking protocol for serial port transmission of data using a value from Handshake. |
IsOpen | Gets a value indicating the open or closed status of the SerialPort object. |
NewLine | Gets or sets the value used to interpret the end of a call to the ReadLine() and WriteLine(String) methods. |
Parity | Gets or sets the parity-checking protocol. |
ParityReplace | Gets or sets the byte that replaces invalid bytes in a data stream when a parity error occurs. |
PortName | Gets or sets the port for communications, including but not limited to all available COM ports. |
ReadBufferSize | Gets or sets the size of the SerialPort input buffer. |
ReadTimeout | Gets or sets the number of milliseconds before a time-out occurs when a read operation does not finish. |
ReceivedBytesThreshold | Gets or sets the number of bytes in the internal input buffer before a DataReceived event occurs. |
RtsEnable | Gets or sets a value indicating whether the Request to Send (RTS) signal is enabled during serial communication. |
Site | Gets or sets the ISite of the Component. (Inherited from Component) |
StopBits | Gets or sets the standard number of stopbits per byte. |
WriteBufferSize | Gets or sets the size of the serial port output buffer. |
WriteTimeout | Gets or sets the number of milliseconds before a time-out occurs when a write operation does not finish. |
Methods
Close() | Closes the port connection, sets the IsOpen property to false , and disposes of the internal Stream object. |
CreateObjRef(Type) | Creates an object that contains all the relevant information required to generate a proxy used to communicate with a remote object. (Inherited from MarshalByRefObject) |
DiscardInBuffer() | Discards data from the serial driver's receive buffer. |
DiscardOutBuffer() | Discards data from the serial driver's transmit buffer. |
Dispose() | Releases all resources used by the Component. (Inherited from Component) |
Dispose(Boolean) | Releases the unmanaged resources used by the SerialPort and optionally releases the managed resources. |
Equals(Object) | Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object. (Inherited from Object) |
GetHashCode() | Serves as the default hash function. (Inherited from Object) |
GetLifetimeService() | Retrieves the current lifetime service object that controls the lifetime policy for this instance. (Inherited from MarshalByRefObject) |
GetPortNames() | Gets an array of serial port names for the current computer. |
GetService(Type) | Returns an object that represents a service provided by the Component or by its Container. (Inherited from Component) |
GetType() | Gets the Type of the current instance. (Inherited from Object) |
InitializeLifetimeService() | Obtains a lifetime service object to control the lifetime policy for this instance. (Inherited from MarshalByRefObject) |
MemberwiseClone() | Creates a shallow copy of the current Object. (Inherited from Object) |
MemberwiseClone(Boolean) | Creates a shallow copy of the current MarshalByRefObject object. (Inherited from MarshalByRefObject) |
Open() | Opens a new serial port connection. |
Read(Byte[], Int32, Int32) | Reads a number of bytes from the SerialPort input buffer and writes those bytes into a byte array at the specified offset. |
Read(Char[], Int32, Int32) | Reads a number of characters from the SerialPort input buffer and writes them into an array of characters at a given offset. |
ReadByte() | Synchronously reads one byte from the SerialPort input buffer. |
ReadChar() | Synchronously reads one character from the SerialPort input buffer. |
ReadExisting() | Reads all immediately available bytes, based on the encoding, in both the stream and the input buffer of the SerialPort object. |
ReadLine() | Reads up to the NewLine value in the input buffer. |
ReadTo(String) | Reads a string up to the specified value in the input buffer. |
ToString() | Returns a String containing the name of the Component, if any. This method should not be overridden. (Inherited from Component) |
Write(Byte[], Int32, Int32) | Writes a specified number of bytes to the serial port using data from a buffer. |
Write(Char[], Int32, Int32) | Writes a specified number of characters to the serial port using data from a buffer. |
Write(String) | Writes the specified string to the serial port. |
WriteLine(String) | Writes the specified string and the NewLine value to the output buffer. |
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Events
DataReceived | Indicates that data has been received through a port represented by the SerialPort object. |
Disposed | Occurs when the component is disposed by a call to the Dispose() method. (Inherited from Component) |
ErrorReceived | Indicates that an error has occurred with a port represented by a SerialPort object. |
PinChanged | Indicates that a non-data signal event has occurred on the port represented by the SerialPort object. |
Applies to
An asynchronous port on the computer used to connect a serial device to the computer and capable of transmitting one bit at a time. Serial ports are usually identified on IBM compatible computers as COM (communications) ports. For example, a mouse might connect to COM1 and a modem to COM2. The picture shows the DB9 serial connector on a cable.
Where is the serial port on a computer?
The serial port is found on the back of the computer and is part of the motherboard.
NoteWith the introduction of USB, FireWire, and other faster solutions serial ports are rarely used when compared to how often they've been used in the past. Also, many new computers and laptops no longer have a serial port.
Identifying a serial port
In the above graphic of a serial port, you can notice the DB9 serial port connection is easy to identify. The connection is in the shape of the letter D, is a male connector, and has 9 pins.
What is the serial port used for?
Below is a listing of various hardware components that can be purchased and used with your serial port.
Mouse - One of the most commonly used devices for serial ports, usually used with computers with no PS/2 or USB ports and specialty mice.
Modem - Another commonly used device for serial ports. Used commonly with older computers, however, is also commonly used for its ease of use.
Network - One of the original uses of the serial port, which allowed two computers to connect together and allow large files to be transferred between the two.
Printer - Today, this not a commonly used device for serial ports. However, was frequently used with older printers and plotters.
Modem - Another commonly used device for serial ports. Used commonly with older computers, however, is also commonly used for its ease of use.
Network - One of the original uses of the serial port, which allowed two computers to connect together and allow large files to be transferred between the two.
Printer - Today, this not a commonly used device for serial ports. However, was frequently used with older printers and plotters.
Serial port pin information
Below is a listing of each of the pins located on the DB9 connector, their purpose, and signal name. As can be seen in the above picture pin one is in the top left and pin 9 is in the bottom right.
PIN | PURPOSE | SIGNAL NAME |
---|---|---|
1 | Data Carrier Detect | DCD |
2 | Received Data | RxData |
3 | Transmitted Data | TxData |
4 | Data Terminal Ready | DTR |
5 | Signal Ground | Gnd |
6 | Data Set Ready | DSR |
7 | Request To Send | RTS |
8 | Clear To Send | CTS |
9 | Ring Indicator | RI |
Most of today's computers are eliminating the serial port in favor of USB ports.
Related serial port pages
Com port, Connection, Data cable, Hardware terms, Motherboard terms, Parallel port, Port, RS-232, Serial